Beyond purchase price, expect lender points, inspections, appraisal gaps, title insurance, taxes, transfer fees, and immediate safety fixes. Create a pre-close checklist and contingency buffer. When the surprise line is already budgeted, your countdown to recovery remains intact, honest, and ready to compare against alternative properties with less drama.
Get quotes, not guesses, for trash, water, pest control, cleaning between turns, landscaping, snow, and common-area electricity. Interview managers about leasing incentives, after-hours calls, and renewal patterns. Tie every recurring cost to a calendar and unit count so your monthly and seasonal payback expectations reflect lived experience, not hopeful averages.
Amortization length, interest rate, and prepayment penalties reshape early cash flow. An interest-only period may accelerate renovations yet delay principal reduction. Model multiple debt stacks, then align with your payback horizon, refinance paths, and exit windows so momentum isn’t lost to an elegant schedule that ignores practical milestones.